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Sensitive Teeth

Sensitive teeth are defined by a tingling, aching sensation or sometimes sharp pain triggered by cold, hot or sweet food and pressure. Normally, the middle layer of the tooth called dentin is protected by the surface layer called enamel. However, if enamel gets worn off, removed or damaged, dentin is exposed and the nerves inside the layer react to pressure, heat and cold.

Possible reasons for dentin sensitivity include brushing that is too vigorous, insufficient oral hygiene and severe decay, enamel wearing off due to ageing, cracks in old dental fillings, periodontal diseases, food and drinks that are high in acid etc.

Another type of dental sensitivity is the excessive reaction of the pulp, which is the lump of nerves and blood vessels inside the tooth. As a rule, pulpal sensitivity only occurs in one particular tooth. Pulpal sensitivity may be caused by severe decay or infection, incorrect filling, tooth grinding (bruxism) and a damaged, cracked or broken tooth.

In some cases, the root of the tooth can be affected and the root canal treatment will be required. The dentist should be able to determine whether root treatment is needed by examining the sensitive tooth.

Dental sensitivity can be prevented or reduced by taking proper care of the teeth. It is important to maintain a regular routine (brush twice a day and floss once a day), use a soft toothbrush and brush in a vertical motion, use toothpaste specifically designed for sensitive teeth, treating bruxism (tooth grinding).