Tooth Decay (Cavities)

Tooth Decay (Cavities)

The oral cavity naturally contains saliva, plaque (which may calcify and turn to calculus) and bacteria. Saliva helps to keep a healthy balance in the oral cavity by washing away bits of food and maintaining low acid levels. There are many different types of bacteria that live in the mouth. Decay is especially caused by a type of bacteria called Streptococcus mutans which produces acid. Cavities form when the bacteria are fed with sweet, sticky, sugary food and start producing acid that damages the dental enamel.

If the bacteria only affect the outer surface of the enamel, the damage can be reversed using fluoride and minerals contained by the saliva. However, if the decay spreads to deeper layer of the tooth, the damage is irreversible. In this case, it is necessary that a dentist cleans out the cavity and fills it with a dental filling. The longer the tooth is left untreated, the worse the damage will be. Eventually, if dental decay is untreated, it can completely destroy the tooth and keep spreading into the oral cavity.

People who have dry mouth have increased risk of developing decay, since there is not enough saliva in the oral cavity. Moreover, newly grown teeth in children are more prone to decay.

In order to prevent dental decay, patients are advised to strengthen teeth using a fluoride toothpaste daily, have a good brushing and flossing routine, visit the dentist every six months and avoid sugary foods.